Exercise
Oncology

Exercise Physiology Across the Cancer Continuum

Bloom’s Oncology Support Areas

At Bloom, we believe everybody deserves access to movement, support, and high-quality care, regardless of their diagnosis, treatment stage, or physical capacity. Through evidence-based exercise and compassionate, person-centred support, we help individuals move safely and confidently throughout their cancer journey.

With specialised oncology studies completed within a Master of Clinical Exercise Physiology, alongside clinical experience, Bloom delivers tailored exercise interventions that are adapted to each individual's goals, treatment side effects, functional capacity, and lifestyle.

Bloom supports individuals across the entire cancer continuum, including diagnosis, active treatment, end of treatment, survivorship, rehabilitation, palliative care, and advanced cancers. Programs are individually designed to help manage treatment-related side effects, improve physical function, reduce fatigue, and enhance quality of life at every stage of the journey.

  • Children

  • Adolescents

  • Adults

  • Aged

Clinical Impact of Exercise Across the Cancer Continuum

Hojman, P., Gehl, J., Christensen, J. F., & Pedersen, B. K. (2018). Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise to Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Cell metabolism, 27(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.015

Anti-Oncogenic Effect of Exercise on Cancer

Research has shown that exercise may have “anti-oncogenic” effects, meaning it can help create a healthier environment within the body that may assist in slowing cancer progression and supporting overall health during and after treatment. Exercise can positively influence things such as inflammation, immune function, muscle mass, energy levels, hormone regulation, and overall physical resilience.

Exercise is slowly receiving its recognition as an important part of cancer care and can help improve treatment tolerance, reduce side effects, support recovery, and enhance quality of life throughout the cancer journey.

Muscles Send out Myokines ‘Good Signals’

  • Moving muscles release helpful substances (Myokines)

  • These slow down cancer cell growth

  • Tell damaged cells to die when they should

  • Boost your immune system’s “soldier cells” (NK cells) that attack cancer

Exercise Reduces “Bad Signals” From Adipose Tissue (Fat)

  • Excess Adipose Tissue (fat) increases inflammation (Pro Inflammatory Environment)

  • Excess Adipose Tissue can feed cancer cells and help them spread

  • Exercise manages Body Composition and reduces harmful signals

Controls Blood Sugar & Hormones

  • High blood sugar and insulin can fuel cancer

  • Exercise helps muscles use sugar for fuel

  • Makes the body more sensitive to insulin

  • Cuts down the “growth signals” that cancer depends on

Strengthens the Immune System

  • Exercise triggers small bursts of helpful chemicals

  • This activates immune cells and sends them straight to tumours

  • This helps your body fight cancer more effectively and bounce back from treatment!

Improves Blood Flow & Treatment Success

  • Exercise builds healthier blood vessels

  • Brings more oxygen, immune cells, and treatments to tumours

  • Makes treatment (chemotherapy and radiation) work better!

Exercise to Ease Treatment Related Side Effects

Every cancer journey is different, and treatment can affect the body in many ways. Evidence-based exercise has been shown to help manage, reduce, and support a wide range of treatment-related side effects. Below are some common symptoms and challenges that appropriately prescribed exercise can assist with throughout and after cancer treatment.

HELPING THE BODY COPE WITH PHYSICAL CHANGES

Pain, stiffness, or limited movement

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)

Lymphedema

BONE LOSS (Osteopenia / Osteoporosis

Changes in BODY COMPOSITION

Incontinence

EASING WHOLE BODY TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS

Fatigue

CANCER-RELATED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION (cardiotoxicity)

“Chemo brain” (memory and concentration)

SLEEP DISTURBANCES

Hot flushes (from hormone therapy)

Fibromyalgia

SUPPORTING MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE

Improve Mood and emotions: endorphins, dopamine and serotonin

Improve Quality of Life

Support Independence

Boost SELF CONFIDENCE, self-efficacy, and self-esteem

Build completion of routine

Breaking the Inactivity Cycle & The Vicious Cycle of Fatigue

Accumulation of treatment-related side effects contributes to reduced physical activity. Continued sedentary behaviour can worsen current side effects + contribute to the development of other co-occurring diseases. The cycle continues by disengaging in exercise

What is the Inactivity Cycle?

Breaking this cycle by engaging in physical activity helps reduce the negative impacts of anti-cancer treatments + boosts energy, thus helping manage symptoms, which can encourage you to ‘feel’ like exercising!

Why is this Important?

Single bouts of any physical activity are proven to reduce fatigue, which can boost energy levels for exercise! Any exercise (ie breaking up long periods of sitting with standing/walking) is better than nothing! But if you are unsure about what to do/want guidance around safety, then seeing Bloom AEP is a great start!

What can you do right now?

Piraux, E., Caty, G., Aboubakar Nana, F., & Reychler, G. (2020). Effects of exercise therapy in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment: a narrative review. SAGE open medicine, 8, 2050312120922657. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120922657

Bloom’s Services Provided


Assessment, Goal Setting & Planning

Your initial consultation is all about understanding you, your diagnosis, and where you are in your cancer journey. Bloom takes a holistic, person-centred approach to learn about your goals, lifestyle, treatment pathway, and any challenges you may be experiencing. By building rapport and completing a comprehensive assessment, we can safely prescribe exercise that is tailored to your individual needs, treatment stage, and personal goals.

Our comprehensive assessment may include:

  • Goals and Priorities

  • Complete medical and cancer history

  • Cancer diagnosis, stage, treatment pathway, and current treatment phase (pre-treatment, active treatment, rehabilitation, survivorship, or palliative care)

  • Personal goals, priorities, and meaningful activities

  • Current physical function, mobility, strength, balance, range of motion, and aerobic capacity through clinical exercise assessments

  • Cancer treatment-related side effects including (but not limited to) fatigue, pain, neuropathy, lymphoedema considerations, reduced mobility, deconditioning, and functional limitations

  • Medical history, medications, contraindications, and exercise risk stratification

  • Lifestyle, interests, exercise preferences, strengths, and individual considerations

  • Motivational interviewing and behaviour change strategies to support long-term exercise participation

  • Education on the role of exercise in managing treatment side effects, improving physical function, and enhancing quality of life.

Following your assessment, an individualised, evidence-based exercise program is developed to align with your diagnosis, treatment stage, current health status, functional capacity, and personal goals. Ongoing progress monitoring, regular reassessments, and exercise progression ensure your program remains safe, effective, and responsive to changes throughout your cancer journey.

  • Individualised Exercise Programs

  • Goal Setting & Progress Monitoring

  • Subjective & Objective Outcome Monitoring


Exercise Physiology Interventions

Every exercise program at Bloom is individually prescribed using current Exercise Oncology guidelines and evidence-based practice. Interventions are tailored to your cancer diagnosis, treatment stage, treatment-related side effects, functional capacity, goals, and medical considerations. Using clinical reasoning and ongoing assessment, exercise is adapted throughout your cancer journey to ensure it remains safe, effective, and responsive to your changing needs.

Our Exercise Physiology interventions may include:

  • Strength Training

  • Aerobic & Cardiovascular Conditioning

  • Exercise Periodisation Around Cancer Treatment (tailoring exercise intensity and volume around chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, or other treatments)

  • Cancer Rehabilitation & Survivorship Exercise

  • Prehabilitation Before Surgery or Treatment

  • Fatigue Management

  • Exercise to Reduce Treatment-Related Side Effects

  • Functional Capacity & Activities of Daily Living Training

  • Gait Retraining

  • Balance, Coordination & Proprioception Training

  • Falls Prevention

  • Power & Functional Performance Training

  • Mobility & Functional Movement Training

  • Flexibility & Range of Motion Enhancement

  • Lymphoedema Exercise Considerations

  • Neuropathy & Balance Rehabilitation

  • Exercise for Bone Health & Metastatic Bone Disease Considerations

  • Exercise for Pain Management

  • Secondary Disease Prevention & Management

  • Exercise Following Cancer Surgery

  • Return to Work, Recreation & Community Participation

  • Healthy Ageing Through Exercise

  • Physical Activity Coaching, Education & Lifestyle Support

  • Individualised Home Exercise Programs & Progressions


Exercise Across the Cancer Continuum

At Bloom, exercise is prescribed across every stage of the cancer journey. Whether you're preparing for treatment, undergoing active treatment, recovering afterwards, or living beyond cancer, exercise is tailored to your diagnosis, treatment stage, functional capacity, and individual goals to help optimise outcomes and improve quality of life.

Services include:

  • Prehabilitation before surgery and cancer treatment

  • Exercise during chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapies

  • Exercise throughout stem cell transplant recovery

  • Exercise periodisation around treatment cycles to support recovery and symptom management

  • Post-surgical rehabilitation

  • Cancer rehabilitation programs

  • Survivorship exercise programs

  • Return to daily activities, work, recreation, and community participation

  • Long-term exercise planning to support health, function, and quality of life following treatment


Managing Treatment-Related Side Effects

Cancer treatment can affect every individual differently. At Bloom, exercise is carefully prescribed to help prevent, reduce, and manage many of the physical and functional side effects associated with cancer and its treatment. Every program is individually tailored to your diagnosis, treatment stage, symptoms, and goals, helping you maintain independence, improve quality of life, and continue participating in the activities that matter most.

Services may include:

  • Cancer-Related Fatigue Management

  • Muscle Loss (Sarcopenia) Prevention

  • Physical Deconditioning Management

  • Neuropathy Rehabilitation

  • Pain Management Through Exercise

  • Balance & Falls Prevention

  • Bone Health & Osteoporosis Management

  • Exercise for Bone Metastases (where clinically appropriate)

  • Lymphoedema Exercise Considerations

  • Joint Pain, Stiffness & Mobility Management

  • Mobility & Functional Movement Training

  • Exercise to Improve Functional Capacity & Activities of Daily Living

  • Cardiovascular Fitness & Exercise Tolerance

  • Exercise for Cachexia

  • Management of Treatment-Related Weakness & Loss of Physical Function

  • Exercise for Reduced Endurance & Breathlessness

  • Postural Strength & Movement Retraining

  • Return to Daily Activities, Work & Recreation

  • Exercise to Improve Confidence, Independence & Quality of Life

  • Healthy Ageing Throughout the Cancer Journey


Health & Overall Wellbeing

At Bloom, we believe exercise is about much more than improving physical function. We take a holistic approach that recognises the strong connection between physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. Through education, empowerment, and compassionate support, we aim to build confidence, self-efficacy, resilience, and independence, helping individuals feel more in control of their health while improving their overall quality of life throughout their cancer journey.

Services may include:

  • Safe Physical Activity Coaching

  • Behaviour Change & Motivational Interviewing

  • Fatigue & Energy Conservation Education

  • Exercise Education

  • Healthy Lifestyle Coaching

  • Weight Management Support

  • Chronic Disease Management

  • Building Confidence & Self-Esteem

  • Improving Self-Efficacy & Independence

  • Emotional Wellbeing Support Through Exercise

  • Stress, Anxiety & Mood Management

  • Goal Setting & Long-Term Behaviour Change

  • Developing Sustainable Healthy Habits

  • Promoting Social Connection & Community Participation

  • Improving Sleep, Recovery & Energy Levels

  • Building Exercise Confidence for Lifelong Health


Mobile & Flexible Service Delivery

Bloom provides mobile Exercise Physiology services across all of Sydney with no distance travel limits. By bringing services directly to you, we can deliver support in the comfort and familiarity of your home, local community, gym, or preferred environment, helping to maximise convenience, participation, and real-world outcomes.

  • Home Visits

  • School-Based Sessions

  • Residential Facility Sessions

  • Respite Home Visits

  • Community-Based Sessions

  • Gym-Based Sessions

  • Hydrotherapy

  • Telehealth Services


Education & Support

Education is a cornerstone of Exercise Oncology and plays an essential role in achieving long-term health outcomes. At Bloom, we believe understanding why exercise is prescribed is just as important as completing the exercises themselves. We empower individuals, families, and carers with the knowledge, confidence, and practical skills to safely incorporate exercise into everyday life, understand the physiological benefits of movement, and self-manage treatment-related side effects throughout the cancer journey. Through education and ongoing support, we aim to build confidence, promote independence, and empower individuals to take an active role in their recovery, rehabilitation, and long-term wellbeing.

Services may include:

  • Participant, Family & Carer Education

  • Education on the role of exercise before, during, and after cancer treatment

  • Understanding the physiological benefits of exercise throughout the cancer continuum

  • Education on managing treatment-related side effects through exercise

  • Exercise safety education, including treatment-specific considerations and precautions

  • Guidance on appropriate exercise intensity, frequency, and progression

  • Individualised Home Exercise Programs

  • Lifestyle & Physical Activity Coaching

  • Behaviour Change & Motivational Interviewing

  • Self-Management Skills Development

  • Building confidence and independence with exercise

  • Strategies to develop sustainable exercise habits and healthy lifestyle behaviours

  • Long-Term Health, Recovery & Survivorship Planning

  • Education to support lifelong physical activity and improved quality of life


Multidisciplinary Care & Clinical Collaboration

Cancer care is most effective when healthcare professionals work together. At Bloom, we believe collaborative, multidisciplinary care is essential to delivering safe, evidence-based exercise interventions that remain aligned with your treatment plan, medical considerations, and personal goals. Through regular communication, progress monitoring, and clinical reporting, we work closely with your treating team to ensure exercise is appropriately prescribed throughout every stage of your cancer journey. All documentation and recommendations are completed within the Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) Accredited Exercise Physiologist Scope of Practice and in accordance with current professional, ethical, and legislative standards.

Services may include:

  • Clinical Progress Reports & Outcome Monitoring

  • Exercise Physiology Assessment & Review Reports

  • Goal Review & Ongoing Progress Monitoring

  • Communication with Oncologists, Haematologists, GPs, Surgeons & Treating Specialists

  • Collaboration with Cancer Care Nurses & Hospital Teams

  • Multidisciplinary Team Meetings & Case Conferences

  • Communication with Allied Health Professionals

  • Collaboration with Family Members & Carers (with consent)

  • Exercise Prescription Reviews & Clinical Recommendations

  • Return-to-Work, Function & Independence Planning

  • Care Coordination & Shared Clinical Decision-Making

  • Evidence-Based Recommendations to optimise physical function, manage treatment-related side effects, and improve quality of life throughout the cancer continuum.


Non Face to Face Supports (NF2F)

Some Exercise Oncology supports occur outside of face-to-face sessions and are essential for safe, personalised care. These may include clinical notes, program development, treatment-related exercise planning, progress monitoring, report writing, and communication with your healthcare team.

Where applicable, NF2F supports are only billed when directly related to your care, discussed transparently, and agreed upon within your Service Agreement. Fees are charged in line with your selected funding pathway or Bloom’s current fee schedule.

Non-face-to-face clinical supports may include:

  • Clinical documentation and post-session case notes

  • Individualised exercise program development, progression, modification & goal review

  • Session planning and clinical preparation

  • Review of medical information, referrals, pathology, and treating specialist recommendations

  • Report writing and clinical outcome measurement

  • Communication with participants, families, and carers

  • Liaison with oncologists, GPs, surgeons, cancer care nurses, and allied health professionals

  • Multidisciplinary care coordination and case conferences


Provider Travel

As a fully mobile Exercise Physiology service, Bloom provides home, community, gym, school, respite care, and residential facility visits across all of Sydney, with no travel distance limit. Where applicable, provider travel is charged in accordance with your funding pathway (e.g. NDIS or Support at Home) or BLOOM's current private fee schedule. Any applicable travel charges will be discussed transparently and agreed upon within your Service Agreement before commencing services.


Funding

Bloom’s fees are determined based on the specialised nature of oncology Exercise Physiology services, clinical expertise, mobile service delivery, and current industry standards within the allied health market. Pricing reflects the level of individualised care, evidence-based exercise prescription, clinical reasoning, ongoing education, and multidisciplinary collaboration provided throughout each participant’s journey.

Fees may vary depending on the funding pathway being accessed, as different schemes such as NDIS operate under their own pricing structures, claiming processes, and travel guidelines.

All fees are reviewed annually and may be adjusted in line with changes to funding arrangements, industry standards, operating costs, and relevant pricing updates. Any fee changes will be communicated transparently to participants prior to implementation.

“Everybody Deserves to ‘BLOOM’”

Frequently Asked Questions

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